Azure Security Center and Defender for Cloud: Securing Your Workloads

--query "[?properties.status.code=='Unhealthy'].{Name:name, Severity:properties.metadata.severity, Resource:properties.resourceDetails.Id}"
--output table

**PowerShell: Get Security Score:**

```powershell
Get-AzSecuritySecureScore | Select-Object DisplayName, CurrentScore, MaxScore, Percentage

Top Recommendations:

// Log Analytics query
SecurityRecommendation
| where TimeGenerated > ago(7d)
| where RecommendationState == "Active"
| summarize count() by RecommendationDisplayName, RecommendationSeverity
| order by count_ desc
| take 10

Step 3: Implement Security Recommendations

Example: Enable disk encryption

az vm encryption enable \
  --resource-group rg-vms \
  --name vm-web-01 \
  --disk-encryption-keyvault /subscriptions/.../vaults/keyvault-encryption \
  --volume-type All

Example: Enable storage encryption

az storage account update \
  --name contosostorage \
  --resource-group rg-storage \
  --encryption-services blob file \
  --encryption-key-source Microsoft.Storage

Example: Configure NSG rules

## Remove overly permissive rule
az network nsg rule delete \
  --resource-group rg-network \
  --nsg-name nsg-web \
  --name AllowAnyInbound

![Remove overly permissive rule](/images/articles/azure/2025-10-06-azure-security-center-defender-for-cloud-securing-workloads-sec1-migration.jpg)


## Add restrictive rule
az network nsg rule create \
  --resource-group rg-network \
  --nsg-name nsg-web \
  --name AllowHTTPS \
  --priority 100 \
  --source-address-prefixes Internet \
  --destination-port-ranges 443 \
  --access Allow \
  --protocol Tcp

![Add restrictive rule](/images/articles/azure/2025-10-06-azure-security-center-defender-for-cloud-securing-workloads-sec2-api.jpg)

Step 4: Compliance Dashboard

Assign Regulatory Compliance Standard:

az security regulatory-compliance-control list \
  --standard-name "Azure-CIS-1.3.0" \
  --query "[].{Control:name, State:properties.state}" \
  --output table

PowerShell: Check Compliance:

$compliance = Get-AzPolicyState | Where-Object { $_.ComplianceState -eq 'NonCompliant' }
$compliance | Group-Object PolicyDefinitionName | Select Name, Count | Sort Count -Descending

Custom Policy Assignment:

{
  "properties": {
```text
"displayName": "Enforce HTTPS for storage accounts",
"policyDefinitionId": "/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policyDefinitions/404c3081-a854-4457-ae30-26a93ef643f9",
"parameters": {},
"enforcementMode": "Default"```
  }
}

az policy assignment create \
  --name enforce-storage-https \
  --policy /providers/Microsoft.Authorization/policyDefinitions/404c3081-a854-4457-ae30-26a93ef643f9 \
  --scope /subscriptions/<subscription-id>

Expected output:

{ "displayName": "Require tags on resources", "enforcementMode": "Default" }

Step 5: Vulnerability Assessment

Enable Qualys Scanner for VMs:

az security va-solution create \
  --resource-group rg-vms \
  --vm-name vm-web-01 \
  --va-solution-name Qualys

Review Vulnerabilities:

SecurityVulnerability
| where TimeGenerated > ago(7d)
| where Severity in ("High", "Critical")
| summarize count() by CVE, AffectedSoftware, Severity
| order by count_ desc

SQL Vulnerability Assessment:

az sql server ad-admin create \
  --resource-group rg-sql \
  --server-name contososql \
  --display-name "SQL Admin" \
  --object-id <aad-group-object-id>

az sql db threat-policy update \
  --resource-group rg-sql \
  --server contososql \
  --database ContosoDb \
  --state Enabled \
  --storage-account sqlaudit \
  --storage-endpoint https://sqlaudit.blob.core.windows.net \
  --retention-days 90

Step 6: Threat Detection & Alerts

Configure Security Alerts:

az security contact create \
  --email security@contoso.com \
  --phone "+1-555-0100" \
  --alert-notifications On \
  --alerts-admins On

View Security Alerts:

SecurityAlert
| where TimeGenerated > ago(30d)
| where AlertSeverity in ("High", "Medium")
| summarize count() by AlertName, AlertSeverity
| order by count_ desc

Common Alert Types:

• Suspicious PowerShell execution: Unusual cmdlets detected
• Brute force attack: Multiple failed login attempts
• Cryptocurrency mining: CPU spike with suspicious process
• Lateral movement: Unusual access patterns between VMs
• Data exfiltration: Large outbound data transfer

Step 7: Just-in-Time VM Access

Enable JIT:

az security jit-policy create \
  --resource-group rg-vms \
  --name vm-web-01 \
  --location eastus \
  --virtual-machines /subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/rg-vms/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/vm-web-01 \
  --ports '[{"number":22,"protocol":"TCP","allowedSourceAddressPrefix":"*","maxRequestAccessDuration":"PT3H"}]'

Request JIT Access:

az security jit-policy request \
  --resource-group rg-vms \
  --name vm-web-01 \
  --virtual-machines vm-web-01 \
  --ports 22 \
  --duration PT2H

PowerShell: Audit JIT Requests:

Search-AzGraph -Query "
securityresources
| where type == 'microsoft.security/locations/jitnetworkaccesspolicies'
| mv-expand requests = properties.requests
| project VMName = properties.virtualMachines[0].id, RequestTime = requests.startTimeUtc, User = requests.requestor
"

Step 8: Container Security (AKS)

Enable Defender for Containers:

az security pricing create \
  --name Containers \
  --tier Standard

az aks update \
  --resource-group rg-aks \
  --name aks-prod \
  --enable-defender

Image Scanning:

az acr task create \
  --registry contosoregistry \
  --name scan-on-push \
  --image-names {{.Run.Registry}}/{{.Run.Repository}}:{{.Run.Tag}} \
  --cmd "az acr check-health --registry contosoregistry" \
  --context /dev/null

Runtime Protection:

SecurityAlert
| where ResourceType == "Kubernetes Cluster"
| where AlertName contains "Suspicious container"
| project TimeGenerated, AlertName, Description, Entities

Advanced Security Patterns

Pattern 1: Automated Remediation with Logic Apps

{
  "trigger": {
```text
"type": "When_a_security_alert_is_triggered"```
  },
  "actions": {
```text
"Parse_alert": {
  "type": "ParseJson",
  "inputs": {
    "content": "@triggerBody()",
    "schema": { ... }
  }
},
"Condition": {
  "type": "If",
  "expression": {
    "equals": ["@body('Parse_alert')?['AlertName']", "NSG rule allows unrestricted SSH"]
  },
  "actions": {
    "Delete_NSG_rule": {
      "type": "Http",
      "inputs": {
        "method": "DELETE",
        "uri": "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/.../networkSecurityGroups/.../securityRules/AllowSSH?api-version=2021-02-01"
      }
    }
  }
}```
  }
}

Pattern 2: Microsoft Sentinel Integration

az sentinel onboard \
  --resource-group rg-security \
  --workspace-name sentinel-workspace

az sentinel data-connector create \
  --resource-group rg-security \
  --workspace-name sentinel-workspace \
  --data-connector-id AzureSecurityCenter \
  --kind AzureSecurityCenter

KQL: Detect Failed Login Patterns:

SigninLogs
| where TimeGenerated > ago(24h)
| where ResultType != 0
| summarize FailedAttempts = count() by UserPrincipalName, IPAddress, bin(TimeGenerated, 1h)
| where FailedAttempts > 5

Pattern 3: Custom Security Assessments

{
  "properties": {
```text
"displayName": "Custom: MFA enabled for all users",
"description": "Verify all users have MFA configured",
"remediationDescription": "Enable MFA via Azure AD",
"severity": "High",
"category": ["Identity"],
"assessmentType": "CustomPolicy",
"status": {
  "code": "Healthy"
}```
  }
}

Security Baselines

Azure Security Benchmark:

Cost Management

Defender Pricing (per resource/month):

• Servers: $15/server
• App Services: $15/instance
• SQL Databases: $15/server
• Storage Accounts: $10/10K transactions
• Containers: $7/vCore (AKS)

Optimization Tips:

• Use Standard tier only for production
• Enable selective Defender plans
• Leverage free 30-day trial

Troubleshooting

Issue: Secure Score not improving
Solution: Review recommendation applicability; some may not apply to environment; dismiss irrelevant recommendations

Issue: Defender not detecting threats
Solution: Verify Log Analytics agent installed; check firewall allows agent communication; ensure Defender plan enabled

Issue: Compliance dashboard empty
Solution: Wait 24 hours for initial assessment; verify policy assignments; check resource tags

Best Practices

• Enable all Defender plans for production subscriptions
• Regularly review and remediate high-severity recommendations
• Implement JIT access for all VMs
• Use Azure Policy for preventive controls
• Integrate alerts with SIEM (Sentinel, Splunk)
• Conduct quarterly security reviews
• Enable MFA for all privileged accounts

Architecture Decision and Tradeoffs

When designing cloud infrastructure solutions with Azure, consider these key architectural trade-offs:

Recommendation: Start with the managed approach for most workloads and move to custom only when specific requirements demand it.

Validation and Versioning

• Last validated: April 2026
• Validate examples against your tenant, region, and SKU constraints before production rollout.
• Keep module, CLI, and SDK versions pinned in automation pipelines and review quarterly.

Security and Governance Considerations

• Apply least-privilege access using RBAC roles and just-in-time elevation for admin tasks.
• Store secrets in managed secret stores and avoid embedding credentials in scripts or source files.
• Enable audit logging, data protection policies, and periodic access reviews for regulated workloads.

Cost and Performance Notes

• Define budgets and alerts, then monitor usage and cost trends continuously after go-live.
• Baseline performance with synthetic and real-user checks before and after major changes.
• Scale resources with measured thresholds and revisit sizing after usage pattern changes.

Official Microsoft References

• https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/
• https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/architecture/
• https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/well-architected/

Public Examples from Official Sources

• These examples are sourced from official public Microsoft documentation and sample repositories.
• Documentation examples: https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/architecture/
• Sample repositories: https://github.com/Azure-Samples
• Prefer adapting these examples to your tenant, subscriptions, and governance requirements before production use.

Key Takeaways

• Defender for Cloud provides continuous security posture assessment.
• Secure Score prioritizes remediation efforts.
• Threat protection detects anomalies with behavioral analytics.
• Compliance dashboard simplifies regulatory audits.

Next Steps

• Implement Azure Sentinel for SIEM capabilities
• Configure Defender for DevOps (GitHub, Azure DevOps)
• Explore Microsoft Security Copilot for AI-assisted investigations

Additional Resources

• Defender for Cloud Documentation
• Azure Security Benchmark
• Threat Protection
• Compliance Dashboard

Is your cloud security posture audit-ready?
```